Robert Vitalis
World-Myth-Making After Empire
I propose to read and report provisionally on the past decade of scholarship in the social sciences and international history on the 1955 Asian-African Conference, and on work in the critical humanities, political theory, and area and ethnic studies on the world-making ambitions that Bandung purportedly gave rise to before its visionaries were defeated by “neoliberalism.” My tentative hypothesis is that the presentism that affected an earlier generation of Third Worldist studies is at play today in influential new works. Alternately, the problem, if it exists, may simply reflect what political scientist Gabriel Almond said was a normal tendency to caricature and simplify past scholarship “in order to establish independent intellectual ground on which to stand.” If so, we are also likely to find that the work repeats past mistakes and discovers that which was commonly known. I also want to suggest a direction for work going forward, which follows from my own research on the erasure of radical conservatives from our histories of the Global South. I am mostly focused on U.S. defense intellectuals during the early Cold War era who have long since been erased from histories of the relevant disciplines. What I have discovered is that there is a connection to Bandung in the founding of what would become the World Anticommunist League (WACL). WACL belongs to the same moment as the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and the New International Economic Order (NIEO)—and yet there is virtually no serious scholarship on it and its allies.
Robert Vitalis is Professor of Political Science Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania. He has written and published widely on the history of international relations, the Cold War, and the emergent Third World. He is the author of four books: When Capitalists Collide: Business Conflict and the End of Empire in Egypt (1995, reissued on its 25th anniversary); America’s Kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi Oil Frontier (2006), named a book of the year in the Guardian; White World Order, Black Power Politics (2016), which moved away from the Middle East to explore the unwritten history of international relations scholarship in the United States, including those African-American thinkers who challenged the discipline’s racist and imperialist commitments; and Oilcraft: The Myths of Scarcity and Security That Haunt U.S. Energy Policy (2020). His 2013 article on Bandung, “The Midnight Ride of Kwame Nkrumah and Other Fables of Bandung (ban-doong),” in Humanity, was an attempt to stop the juggernaut of the myth-making machinery surrounding the Conference. His current research focuses on the rise of the militant right in strategic studies in the United States.