The Cold War largely succeeded in burying the fact that Francisco Franco came to power thanks to Hitler and Mussolini, who provided him with crucial military aid during the Spanish Civil War (from 1936 to 1939). Cold War social scientists also imposed a convenient distinction between Francoism, on the one hand, and German and Italian fascism, on the other. Yet the Franco regime was not only the recipient of fascist aid; it was also the form that fascism took in Spain, a haven for fascist refugees from around the world, and an ideological center for far-right currents in Latin America, directly inspiring regimes like Pinochet’s in Chile. This is precisely the kind of role that Spain’s current far-right political party, Vox, would like to see the country resuming as part of an ambitious transatlantic network called the Iberosfera.